44 research outputs found
Photo- and Electro-Disintegration of 3He at Threshold and pd Radiative Capture
The present work reports results for: pd radiative capture observables
measured at center-of-mass (c.m.) energies in the range 0--100 keV and at 2 MeV
by the TUNL and Wisconsin groups, respectively; contributions to the
Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) integral in 3He from the two- up to the three-body
breakup thresholds, compared to experimental determinations by the TUNL group
in this threshold region; longitudinal, transverse, and interference response
functions measured in inclusive polarized electron scattering off polarized 3He
at excitation energies below the threshold for breakup into ppn, compared to
unpolarized longitudinal and transverse data from the Saskatoon group. The
calculations are based on a realistic Hamiltonian with two- and three-nucleon
interactions and a realistic current operator, including one- and two-body
components. The theoretical predictions obtained by including only one-body
currents are in violent disagreement with data. These differences between
theory and experiment are, to a large extent, removed when two-body currents
are taken into account, although some rather large discrepancies remain in the
c.m. energy range 0--100 keV, particularly for the pd differential cross
section and tensor analyzing power at small angles, and contributions to the
GDH integral. A rather detailed analysis indicates that these discrepancies
have, in large part, a common origin, and can be traced back to an excess
strength obtained in the theoretical calculation of the E1 reduced matrix
element associated with the pd channel having L,S,J=1,1/2,3/2. It is suggested
that this lack of E1 strength observed experimentally might have implications
for the nuclear interaction at very low energies. Finally, the validity of the
long-wavelength approximation for electric dipole transitions is discussed.Comment: 47 pages RevTex file, 10 PostScript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Theoretical aspects of the CEBAF 89-009 experiment on inclusive scattering of 4.05 GeV electrons from nuclei
We compare recent CEBAF data on inclusive electron scattering on nuclei with
predictions, based on a relation between structure functions (SF) of a nucleus,
a nucleon and a nucleus of point-nucleons. The latter contains nuclear
dynamics, e.g. binary collision contributions in addition to the asymptotic
limit. The agreement with the data is good, except in low-intensity regions.
Computed ternary collsion contributions appear too small for an explanation. We
perform scaling analyses in Gurvitz's scaling variable and found that for
, ratios of scaling functions for pairs of nuclei differ by less
than 15-20% from 1. Scaling functions for are, for increasing ,
shown to approach a plateau from above. We observe only weak -dependence
in FSI, which in the relevant kinematic region is ascribed to the diffractive
nature of the NN amplitudes appearing in FSI. This renders it difficult to
separate asymptotic from FSI parts and seriously hampers the extraction of
from scaling analyses in a model-independnent fashion.Comment: 11 p. Latex file, 2 ps fig
Nucleation of vortex arrays in rotating anisotropic Bose-Einstein condensates
The nucleation of vortices and the resulting structures of vortex arrays in
dilute, trapped, zero-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates are investigated
numerically. Vortices are generated by rotating a three-dimensional,
anisotropic harmonic atom trap. The condensate ground state is obtained by
propagating the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in imaginary time. Vortices first
appear at a rotation frequency significantly larger than the critical frequency
for vortex stabilization. This is consistent with a critical velocity mechanism
for vortex nucleation. At higher frequencies, the structures of the vortex
arrays are strongly influenced by trap geometry.Comment: 5 pages, two embedded figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. A (RC
A Rotating Collapsar and Possible Interpretation of the LSD Neutrino Signal from SN 1987A
We consider an improved rotational mechanism of the explosion of a collapsing
supernova. We show that this mechanism leads to two-stage collapse with a phase
difference of \sim 5 h. Based on this model, we attempt a new interpretation of
the events in underground neutrino detectors on February 23, 1987, related to
the supernova SN 1987A.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, 9 table
Single pi+ Electroproduction on the Proton in the First and Second Resonance Regions at 0.25GeV^2 < Q^2 < 0.65GeV^2 Using CLAS
The ep -> e'pi^+n reaction was studied in the first and second nucleon
resonance regions in the 0.25 GeV^2 < Q^2 < 0.65 GeV^2 range using the CLAS
detector at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. For the first time
the absolute cross sections were measured covering nearly the full angular
range in the hadronic center-of-mass frame. The structure functions sigma_TL,
sigma_TT and the linear combination sigma_T+epsilon*sigma_L were extracted by
fitting the phi-dependence of the measured cross sections, and were compared to
the MAID and Sato-Lee models.Comment: Accepted for publication in PR
Detection of in vitro interferon-γ and serum tumour necrosis factor-α in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is known as having a poor prognosis with a weak response to therapy and very high death rates. The aim of this work was to assess the immune response to the RD1-encoded antigen ESAT-6 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in MDR-TB patients and compare to non-resistant (NR) TB patients and healthy controls (HC). Evaluation of interferon (IFN)-γ production showed that, although 55% of the MDR patients were responsive to ESAT-6, they produced lower IFN-γ levels (553 ± 11 pg/ml) when compared to NR-TB (1179 ± 163 pg/ml; P < 0·05) but not to controls (412 ± 65·7 pg/ml). Differences in the response to ESAT-6 and to its overlapping peptides mixture were also significant between MDR versus treated pulmonary NR-TB. Furthermore, a very low rate of response to PPD (23·5%) and to Ag85B (33·3%) was noted in MDR-TB patients as compared to the other groups. To determine the inflammatory response in patients’ groups, detection of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α was assessed in their sera before and during chemotherapy. Mean TNF-α levels in MDR-TB (43·8 ± 9 pg/ml) paralleled those found in treated pulmonary, and it was significantly different (P < 0·05) from the values found in untreated NR and HC. Interestingly, secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α were predominant in MDR patients who presented with bilateral pulmonary lesions and lung cavitation. The present data indicate that the overall immune response to mycobacterial antigens is decreased in resistant TB and the major role inflammatory cytokines may play in perpetuating pulmonary tissue damage